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The function(s) performed by the food additive when used in cooking.
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Data according to various sources such as fao, fda, codex. Spot a mistake? Tell us!
| Country | Status | Matched Term |
|---|---|---|
| United States | Approved | Cystine (l form); Cysteine (l-form) monohydrochloride; Cysteine (l-form) |
| European Union | Not Permitted | |
| Australia and New Zealand | Not Permitted |
| Afghanistan | Unknown | None |
| Philippines | Not Permitted | |
| Austria | Not Permitted | |
| Belgium | Not Permitted | |
| Bulgaria | Not Permitted | |
| Cyprus | Not Permitted | |
| Czech Republic | Not Permitted | |
| Denmark | Not Permitted | |
| Estonia | Not Permitted | |
| Finland | Not Permitted | |
| France | Not Permitted | |
| Germany | Not Permitted | |
| Greece | Not Permitted | |
| Hungary | Not Permitted | |
| Ireland | Not Permitted | |
| Italy | Not Permitted | |
| Latvia | Not Permitted | |
| Lithuania | Not Permitted | |
| Luxembourg | Not Permitted | |
| Malta | Not Permitted | |
| Netherlands | Not Permitted | |
| Poland | Not Permitted | |
| Portugal | Not Permitted | |
| Romania | Not Permitted | |
| Slovakia | Not Permitted | |
| Slovenia | Not Permitted | |
| Spain | Not Permitted | |
| Sweden | Not Permitted | |
| United Kingdom | Not Permitted | |
| Australia | Not Permitted | |
| New Zealand | Not Permitted |
921 - Cystine, L-and its hydrochlorides sodium and potassium salts: Flour treatment agent derived from animal hair and chicken feathers. If from China - human hair. Used in shampoo and chicken flavouring. Bread enhancer. It stabilises the structure of leavened bread. Aid to detoxification of many chemicals related to smoking, prevent hangovers and also prevent brain and liver damage due to alcohol consumption. Useful for rheumatoid arthritis, helps the immune system and promotes healing. Is a known neurotoxin.
921 - Cystine, L-and its hydrochlorides sodium and potassium salts: Diabetics should be aware that there are some reports that it may interfere with insulin and there are anecdotal reports that it can react with monosodium glutamate (E621) in individuals who suffer from the so called Chinese restaurant syndrome, a set of symptoms, including headache, burning sensations, dizziness and disorientation.
921 - Cystine, L-and its hydrochlorides sodium and potassium salts: Classically, cystine is won from proteins that are rich in cystine, such as may be found in human hair or in feathers or pig bristles. Component proteins are split by being heated with hydrochloric acid, which allows cystine to be isolated. For a long time, the bio-technological production of cystine was considered to be expensive and difficult. Since then, a German company (Wacker Chemie) has been successful in applying biotechnical processes to E. coli (Escherichia. coli) bacteria for a profitable fermentative production of cystine. The E. coli bacteria use glucose (sugar) and some mineral salts to produce the desired cystine in large quantities and convey the amino acid into the nutrient solution. The process has been applied since 2001.
921 - Cystine, L-and its hydrochlorides sodium and potassium salts: Flour treatment agent derived from animal hair and chicken feathers
(2R)-2-amino-3-[(2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl]disulfanylpropanoic acid
cysteine disulfide
L-cystine
dicysteine
gelucystine
Collection of sources used to create this food additive summary.
| Source |
|---|
| Codex Alimentarius |
| Food Standards Australia New Zealand |
| UK Food Guide |
| UK Food Standards Agency |
| U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
Lists the U.S. CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) registry number and EINECS (European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances) numbers when known.
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